Salahuddin Al Ayubi Desert Knights

There are two impressions that cause Salahuddin regarded as a true knight, both by friends and enemies. The first is about their ability in battle tactics. Both of piety and generosity.

In July 1192, the Muslim army soldiers raided a Christian 12 tents, including the royal tent of King Richard I, outside the fortress city of Jaffa. He is disturbed to wake up and prepared to fight. His army was outnumbered, 1:4. No matter, he followed on foot to meet the enemy troops.
Salahuddin who saw him, humming quietly to his brother, al-Malik al-Adil, "How could a king with soldiers on foot? Go, take these two Arabian horses and give it to him. Tell him, I sent him. A man is as good as he was not supposed to be in this place on foot. "

Fragments of the above noted Christian and Muslim historians as one of the highest achievement of Salahuddin Al Ayubi as a knight. Despite having the upper hand, he still wants a fair fight for the setup of his enemy.

Syria-Egypt

Salahuddin was born in a castle in the Takreet, the Tigris River in Iraq in the year 1137 AD or 532 Hijri. Original name was Salah al-Din Yusuf bin Ayub. His father, Najm ad-Din were the descendants of Kurds and become the manager of the castle along with his brother, Shirkuh was.

On the eve of his birth, there was sadness in the extended family. Shirkuh was a fight and then kill the commander of the castle gate named Isfahsalar. Shirkuh was received a report from a woman who had been abused Isfahsalar. As a result of these events, large family Najm ad-Din expelled.

They then traveled to Mosul. In Mosul, they meet and help Zangi, an Arab leader who tried to unite the Islamic lands scattered in several small kingdom like Syria, Antioch, Aleppo, Tripoli, Horns, Jerusalem and Damascus. Zangi the Sunni wing became the ruler of the whole of Syria and preparing for the invasion of the European Crusaders who was already beginning to enter the land of Palestine.

AUTHORITY - While the opponents, the Europeans recognized as Sultan Salahuddin very powerful. In the drawings the European painters, seemed Salahuddin holding globe. Symbol that Salahuddin is very powerful.

Zangi died in 1146 after the bow of Edessa, a supporter of the European provinces, and then replaced by Nur al-Din. Under the guidance and Zangi Din, Salahuddin slowly a small, humble, courteous, compassionate intelligent but also found a way of life.

In 1163, Nur Shirkuh was sent to subdue Egypt led a wing of the Caliphate Shi'a Fatimah. After trying the fifth time, managed to subdue Egypt Shirkuh was dated January 8, 1189. But two months later, she died suddenly and estimated poisoned.

Nur al-Din and Saladin replace Shirkuh was lifted. Salahuddin is still a little soft and weak, so easily controlled. Nur al-Din would not have a strong competitor who has great power in Cairo. But the prediction proved wrong Din.

Salahuddin immediately organize forces to develop the economy to face an army raid to capture cross Egypt. In the period 1169 to 1174, the Egypt under the leadership of Salahuddin was transformed into a powerful empire. Crusader army raid many times can be broken. But the glories of Salahuddin had made Nuruddin worry. Relationships both deteriorating and in 1174 it was Din sent troops to subdue Egypt.

The poor can not be rejected, luck can not be achieved. When the fleet was on his way, Nur ranggal died on May 15. Handed power to his son's new 11-year-old. Battle frustrated happen. Even Salahuddin went to Damascus to convey condolences. His arrival was cheered and hoped to seize power. Salahuddin's polite but instead intended to hand over power to the king who is still young but legal.

When the young king was suddenly too sick and died, inevitably Sultan Salahuddin was appointed to the Caliphate of Syria and Egypt, in the year 1175.

Hattin
At the time the ruling Salahuddin, the Crusade has entered the second phase. Although the army managed to control the kola Cross of Jerusalem (the first phase of the Crusades), but they did not successfully conquered Damascus and Cairo. Even managed to free Zangi previously Edessa in the European power. Muslim forces were heading the way of victory, according to Arab historians.

With ruled Egypt and Syria, Palestine. When he is crowned Emperor, Salahuddin said, "When God gave Egypt, I'm sure he'll give the Palestinians! But it was between Salahuddin and the King of Jerusalem, Guy de Lusignan a truce.

The third phase of the attack triggered the Crusades group of pilgrims who want to Cairo to Damascus by Reginald de Chattillon, lord of the castle at Kerak is also part of the kingdom of Jerusalem. Caravans that this pilgrimage would also bring Salahuddin sisters. Caravan guards massacred and detained party members, including the sister of Salahuddin. Thus ended the ceasefire and Salahuddin very angry.

In March 1187, after the holy month of Ramadhan, Salahuddin called for Jihad. Muslim armies began to move, to conquer one by one the fortresses Christian forces. Salahuddin glories peak occurred at the battle of Hattin in the region.

July 13 dry, 25,000 Muslim soldiers surrounded the Christian army, amounting to slightly larger, in a mountainous area that resembles the horns of Hattin. Muslim army consisted of 12,000 cavalry and the rest infantry. Their cavalry was the main force, riding a swift Yemen. They also use a light cotton clothing called kazaghand, to minimize the heat of the desert. They are well organized, because it uses the same language is Arabic. With Squadron-divided into small Squadron, they use hit and run tactics.

While the Christian army was divided into three parts. The front of the troops consisted of the order (Christian) Hospitallers led by Raymond of Tripoli. The center consists of the royal battalions, led by King Guy de Lusignan who brought the True Cross as a talisman troops. The back consists of the order (Christian) led the Knights Templar by Balian of Ibelin. But language is a mixture of British, French and several other European languages. As a rule of the European army, they were all wearing iron armor.

Salahuddin use these cracks. In the evening, his troops set fire to dry Rumpus around Christian army that was already overheated and ran out of water. The next morning, Salahuddin distribute additional arrows in the cavalry. Useful for clearing out riding horses the enemy. Without the horses, and terrible in the heat, a Christian army was pathetic.

The result was pathetic for a Christian army. Almost all troops have been killed. Raymond of Tripoli and Balian of Ibelin had escaped. But King Guy and Reginald de Chatillon were arrested. Holy Cross mascot Muslim forces had captured and taken to Damascus as a trophy. Of all prisoners, Salahuddin gave two options. Accepting Islam and release or reject but executed. Chatillon who refused to direct beheaded. But that option is not herlaku for King Guy. Salahuddin gave a reason, "Neighbor king can not kill each other!" A few years later, King Guy had been redeemed by Christian forces and released.

Jerusalem
Of Hattin, Saladin moved to free the cities of Acre, Beirut and Sidon in the north. He also moved to free Jaffa, Caesarea, Ascalon Arsuf up in the South. Now it is time to free the city of dreams, the holy city of Jerusalem. In liberating these cities, Salahuddin always forward through diplomacy, the city voluntarily surrender, a troops stormed the city.


IMAGES
SIMPLE- TOMB as great leader, Salahuddin famous very simple. When died, he left the property only 66 dirham Nasirian. His tomb in Damascus was really simple


Forces began to besiege Jerusalem Salahuddin pads on 26 September. At that time Christian forces in the holy city led by Balian of Obelin and tenaciously defending the city. But on September 30, Salahuddin accept a peace offering Balian. Jerusalem Christians submitted and released by a certain ransom. (This fragment had the Hollywood filmed under the title Kingdom of Heaven)

Salahuddin delayed entry into the holy city for two days, waiting until the date of October 2, 1187, or 27 to coincide with the date 583 H. Rajah Date is the date when the Prophet Muhammad made Mi'raj (journey through the heavens to meet Allah SWT) from the al-Aqsa Mosque located in Jerusalem.

In this city, Salahuddin again displays an attitude of fair and wise. Al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock (Dome of Rock) who had made the Order's headquarters and the Christian church, immediately cleaned. However, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher remained open and he still lets people to conduct Christian worship and activities there. Also - the Jews still welcome to worship and perform reasonable activities. This policy had received opposition from its supporters. But Salahuddin said, "Good Muslims should honor other religions places of worship!"



IMAGE
Burial complex located in a mosque in north Ummayad Grand Mosque of Damascus


Salahuddin did not live in palaces. He actually lived in a small mosque called Al-Khanagah in Via (Do-lorossa road, near the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. The office consists of two low-lit room that size barely able to accommodate 6 people sitting around. Salahuddin was to avoid the corruption that often descend the King winning the war.

After Salahuddin regained control of Jerusalem, the holy city of three religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) is not transferred from the Muslim rulers until the 20th century, after World War I, when the British occupied Palestine and eventually handed over to the Jews to be formed the state of Israel.

Salahuddin also successfully defended Jerusalem from Christian soldiers led invasion of Richard "the Lion Heart". Richard besieged Jerusalem twice, namely in December 1191 and June 1192. But Salahuddin able to make him frustrated and finally returned to Europe without ever touching the soil of Jerusalem.

Saladin died on March 4, 1193 in Damascus. The committee had stunned her body because it has no property Salahuddin. He has only worn a shroud that he always carried in each trip and the money worth 66 dirhams Nasirian (Syrian currency at that time) in the iron box. To take care of the funeral of pious commander, they must owe first. (VARIOUS SOURCE)